(in millions of euros) | 2019 | 2018 |
Costs of subcontracted work | 143 | 113 |
Remediation costs | 99 | 100 |
Maintenance | 185 | 123 |
Automation costs | 207 | 183 |
Total | 634 | 519 |
The costs of subcontracted work are the costs relating to the execution of assignments by third parties that are not covered by the other items in this category.